Discussion question guide for stem cell research and cloning 101. Malignancies have taken numerous lives and are depriving more humans of the right to live. Strategies aimed at efficient targeting of cscs are becoming important for monitoring the progress of cancer therapy and for evaluating new therapeutic approaches. Although your statements about how mice might get cancer from stem cells being put inside them is true, i believe you are missing the point of the argument. But while many of us have an opinion on the issue, we dont necessarily fully understand the questions. The cancer stem cell model proposes that cancer stem cells make all other cells found in a tumour. A list of for and against statements relating to the use of. Jul 06, 2009 controversial cancer stem cells offer new direction for treatment date. Breast cancer, the major cause of death among women around the world, is characterized by a high complexity and not completely understood biological and clinical heterogeneity. Aug 01, 2012 but when lesions progress to squamous cell carcinomas, there is a switch to mainly selfrenewing divisions and limited differentiation, suggesting that these cells may represent a cancer stem cell. The ongoing debate over the use of stem cells essay bartleby. Although debate about the moral status of the embryo in human embryonic stem cell research continues to have relevance, the discovery of other highly multipotent stem cell types and alternative methods of isolating and creating highly multipotent stem cells has raised new questions and concerns.
However, certain perspectives maintain that this demarcation is artificial, since both processes act in. The topic is stem cell research, not stem cell testing. Resolving breast cancer heterogeneity by searching reliable. Cancer resolving the stemcell debate new research backs the contentious idea that solid tumours are not masses of equivalent cells, but instead contain cancer stem cells that support tumour maintenance. Apr 12, 2007 the science behind the stem cell debate the science behind the debate over federal funding of stem cell research has evolved since it first became a political issue. A contentious hypothesis now moving forward, cancer letters on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Cancers are caused by mutations that may be inherited, induced by environmental factors, or result from dna replication errors r. The stem cell field is gradually moving toward translational applications as exemplified by the papers highlighted in this stem cell select.
The science behind the stemcell debate the science behind the debate over federal funding of stemcell research has evolved since it first became a political issue. The debate on stem cell research is getting more heated. Rana and his team used crispr gene editing on brain cancer stem cells to. A stemness and emt based gene expression signature identifies phenotypic plasticity and is a predictive but not prognostic biomarker for breast cancer. Oscs are located in the ovary surface epithelium and tillys group reported them in the size range. A discussion of the pros and cons in the ethical debate over embryonic stem cell research and biomedical research using other types of stem cells. A stemness and emt based gene expression signature identifies phenotypic plasticity and is a.
This functional heterogeneity among cancer cells has led to the creation of multiple propagation models to account for heterogeneity and differences in tumorregenerative capacity. Understand the ethical and philosophical implications of stem cell research 4. The scientific side of the stemcell debate this week, the senate will take up legislation passed by the house that would expand federal funding for embryonic stem cell research. Here, two experts provide complementary views on the findings and on the implications for potential therapies. Tumor heterogeneity and cancer stem cell paradigm wiley online. An interesting aspect of the current cancer stem cell debate regards the. To many investigators, the field of cancer stem cells cscs must seem very confusing. But when lesions progress to squamous cell carcinomas, there is a switch to mainly selfrenewing divisions and limited differentiation, suggesting that these cells may represent a cancer stem cell. Despite the controversies regarding the cancer stem cell model, it has the potential to provide a foundation for. Indeed, numb is a major determinant of asymmetric cell division.
In fact, the definition of cancer stem cells csc remains. This study examined delayed targeted intraoperative radiotherapy vs external beam radiotherapy to determine how it impacted patients with breast cancer, finding no statically significant. Stem cell esearch the debate on stem cell research is getting more heated. The ongoing debate over the use of stem cells essay 17 words 6 pages in the past two decades, many technological and scientific advances have been made in order to make life easier for many. I am encouraging the research of es cells, not the actually action of putting them in humans. Stem cell characteristics of dormant cells and cisplatin.
The majority of tumors display substantial degree of phenotypic and functional heterogeneity at the population level. Also discover topics, titles, outlines, thesis statements, and conclusions for your stem cell essay. With president obama reversing the previous administrations limits on federal funding for embryonic stem cell research, this debate can only intensify in the months and years upcoming. Cancer stem cells are a progressive concept to account for the cell biological nature of cancer. Role play gives students a chance to explore the different sides of the issue and compare others points of view, as well as considering social, ethical, political and factual issues in an integrated way. Cancer stem cells cscs, or cancer cells with stem cell properties, are a rare population of tumor bulk and are recognized to be responsible for cancer recurrence, drug resistance, and metastasis. Ethical issues in stem cell research and therapy stem cell. A discussion of the pros and cons in the ethical debate over embryonic stem cell research and biomedical research using other. In 2001, the canadian institutes of health research cihr drafted a list of recommendations for stem cell research. Abstract new research backs the contentious idea that solid tumours are not masses of equivalent cells, but instead contain cancer stem cells that support tumour maintenance. Chemotherapy resistance of breast cancer poses a great challenge to the survival of patients. Bone marrow derived stem cells are used in cancer and autoimmune treatment protocols, to replace or repair organs that are damaged by chemotherapy during cancer therapy. Wgs shows that tumors contain thousands of variants, making resolution of. This study examined delayed targeted intraoperative radiotherapy vs external beam radiotherapy to determine how it impacted patients with breast cancer, finding no statically significant decrease in mastectomyfree survival, distantdisease survival or overall survival.
Controversial cancer stem cells offer new direction for. Akbar mw, isbilen m, belder n, canli sd, kucukkaraduman b, turk c, sahin o, gure ao. Why dont we need to understand a lot of the biology involved in stem cell research and cloning. But when lesions progress to squamous cell carcinomas, there is a switch to mainly selfrenewing divisions and limited differentiation, suggesting that these cells may represent a cancer stem. Controversial cancer stem cells offer new direction for treatment date. Although clinical trials of molecular therapies targeting critical biomarkers mtor, epidermal growth factor receptorepidermal growth factor receptor 2, and vascular endothelial growth factor in. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. One such concept is the cancer stem cell csc hypoth esis, which suggests that cancers are organized into aberrant cell hierarchies in which.
Stem cell research essays examples filter results by. Significant advances made recently in the cancer stem cell csc biology field have. Our human embryonic stem cell debates are not simply about good or bad ethical arguments. Ovarian stem cellsresolving controversies springerlink. Learn basic scientific facts about stem cells and stem cell research 3. This kit encourages students to consider the ethical issues that stem cell treatments raise and to develop students debating and discussion skills. In 20002001, governments worldwide were beginning to draft proposals and guidelines to control stem cell research and the handling of embryonic tissues and reach universal policies. Jul 12, 20 one of the major goals in cancer research is to find and evaluate the early presence of biomarkers in human fluids and tissues. Institute of arthritis and musculoskeletal and skin diseases 2007, cancer 10. Cancer stem cells covers a wide range of topics in cancer stem cell biology, including the functional characteristics of cancer stem cells and how theyre generated, where they are localized, the means by which cancer stem cells can be targeted, and how cancer stem cells can be reprogrammed back to normal tissue stem cells. The cancer stem cell model, also known as the hierarchical model proposes that tumors are hierarchically organized cscs lying at the apex fig. The stochastic model suggests that many cells in a tumour replicate, differentiate and contribute equally to tumour growth. Here, we characterize and compare the specific markers that have been found to. Federal funding for stem cell research is necessary in order to promote investment in this promising line of research, to encourage sound public policy, and to foster public confidence in the conduct of such research.
During breast cancer treatment, the development of intrinsic and acquired drug resistance tends to further induce adverse prognosis, such as metastasis. In recent years, the progress of research on cytokinemodulated tumor microenvironment and breast cancer stem cells bcscs has shed light on. To resolve the complex cell heterogeneity of a tumor mass, it will be useful to characterize the intricate biomolecular composition of tumor microenvironment the so called cancer secretome, validating secreted proteins as early biomarkers of cancer initiation and. It is safe to say that tremendous progress has been made in this direction documenting, to a large extent, led to put the debate surrounding the existence of cscs to rest. Evidence that cancer stem cells spawn more highly differentiated nonstem cells in solid tumours has. A contentious hypothesis now moving forward, cancer letters on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic. Cancer stem cell markers in common cancers therapeutic.
Role play gives students a chance to explore the different. The future of cancer therapy may lie in the very stem cells that cause cancer in the first place. The ongoing debate over the use of stem cells essay 17 words 6 pages in the past two decades, many technological and scientific advances have been made in order to make life easier for many people who suffer from cancer, disease and sickness. Cancer resolving the stemcell debate new research backs the contentious idea that solid tumours are not masses of equivalent cells, but instead contain cancer stem cells that support tumour.
Until recently, most of the csc literature addressed the potential of these cells to contribute to the disease, but not the actual fate of the individual cell in real in vivo situation. If thats true, scientists will need to find a way to kill those cells, apart from how they attack the rest of the tumor stem cells in healthy tissues are known for their ability to produce any. In addition to this, they were able to turn it into something useful. Pdf the cancer stem cell hypothesis is receiving increasing interest and has. Control of stem cells and cancer stem cells by hedgehog. Adult stem cell therapy is being used to treat brain tumors, retinoblastoma, ovarian cancer, sarcomas, multiple myeloma, leukemia, breast cancer, neuroblastoma, renal cell. Discussion question guide for stem cell research and. In principle, the cells that generate new tumors in transplantation. Since the discovery of induced stem cells several years ago, stem cell technology has research on a stem cell bsipuniversal images groupgetty images. Through the revolutionary concept of cancer stem cells, cancer research has been reinvigorated to study the role of these unique cells in cancer propagation and as targets of innovative therapies.
Some tumour cells may briefly divide, but only cancer stem cells can make new cells indefinitely. Recently, an outbreak of the highly infectious novel coronavirus disease 2019 covid19 has swept wuhan, china, with 80 303 confirmed diagnosed cases in china as of march 3, 2020. Rapid advances in the cancer stem cell csc field have provided cause for optimism for the development of more reliable cancer therapies in the future. We studied the relationship between the number of normal stem cell divisions and the risk of 17 cancer types in 69 countries throughout the world.
Until recently, most of the csc literature addressed the poten tial of these cells to contribute to the disease, but. This would resolve many paradoxes concerning, for example, the widespread presence. While many different ideas were discussed, in the end, it was decided that the term cancer stem cells, was the most scientifically accurate label to refer to a malignant cell that fulfilled. Until recently, most of the csc literature addressed the potential of these cells to contribute to the disease, but not the actual fate of. Realizing the potential health benefits of stem cell technology will require a large and sustained investment in research.
Nov 18, 20 malignancies have taken numerous lives and are depriving more humans of the right to live. Stem cell research debate summary stem cell medical. The scientific, religious, ethical, and political issues. Stem cell research when did it begin should the government fund stem. The scientific side of the stem cell debate this week, the senate will take up legislation passed by the house that would expand federal funding for embryonic stem cell research. Cancer stem cells csc have the ability to selfrenew and are present in most tissues including breast, brain, lung, prostates, testis, ovary, esophagus, colon, and liver. First evidence direct from human stem cells provides new insight into cancer lifestyle vs bad luck debate.
But while many of us have an opinion on the issue, we dont necessarily fully understand the. Furthermore, numb deregulation also suggests a link between cancer stem cellrelated tumorigenesis and stem cell biology. Resolving breast cancer heterogeneity by searching. Ethical issues in stem cell research and therapy stem. Mar 06, 2009 while many different ideas were discussed, in the end, it was decided that the term cancer stem cells, was the most scientifically accurate label to refer to a malignant cell that fulfilled the classic stem cell criteria i. Cancer resolving the stem cell debate new research backs the contentious idea that solid tumours are not masses of equivalent cells, but instead contain cancer stem cells that support tumour maintenance.
Aug 01, 2012 if thats true, scientists will need to find a way to kill those cells, apart from how they attack the rest of the tumor stem cells in healthy tissues are known for their ability to produce any. Cancer stem cells have been proposed to be the major cause for. The fetus and the embryo have instead become symbols for a larger set of value conflicts. Mar 09, 2009 the big story today, of course, is the presidents action on embryonic stem cell research. Active and effective measures for the care of patients. Understanding the cancer stem cell s bomken1,2, k fis. Emerging therapeutic biomarkers in endometrial cancer. Evolution of the cancer stem cell model cell press. The controversial research practice is said to be conducted in the hopes that some of humanitys major diseases will one day be a thing of the past. Resolving whether cancer stem cells are important for the pathogenesis of all or only some human cancers should accelerate development of new stem cell. Rapid progress in biotechnology has introduced a host of pressing ethical and policy issues pertaining to stem cell research. It is safe to say that tremendous progress has been made in this direction documenting, to a large extent, led to put the debate. Despite the controversies regarding the cancer stem cell model, it has the potential to provide a foundation for new innovative treatment targeting the roots of cancer. Understand and assess the main arguments used in the stem cell debate 2.
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